Trends in vibrational spectroscopy of fingermarks for forensic purposes

Fingermark (FM) analysis is a key tool in criminal investigation; the biochemical composition of FMs has recently attracted considerable attention as a source of vital forensic evidence. Vibrational spectroscopy allows for better understanding the chemistry of latent FM with the intent that the gained knowledge will be used to improve chemical and physical methods of latent FM detection. This article critically reviews the advances made over the last 10 years in the field of FM analysis using vibrational spectroscopic techniques. It highlights current limitations and discusses ways to overcome them, which will support the development of FM analysis techniques meeting the requirements of modern forensic science.