TY - JOUR
T1 - Simplified cleaning for 22.5% nPERT solar cells with rear epitaxial emitters
AU - Kuzma-Filipek, I.
AU - Recaman-Payo, M.
AU - Aleman, M.
AU - John, J.
AU - Haslinger, M.
AU - Cornagliotti, E.
AU - Duerinckx, F.
AU - Hajjiah, A.
AU - Soha, M.
AU - Russel, R.
AU - Sharma, A.
AU - Uruena, A.
AU - Szlufcik, J.
AU - Gordon, I.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2016/12/1
Y1 - 2016/12/1
N2 - We have studied the effect of different cleanings at device level for nPERT (passivated Emitter, Rear Totally diffused) cells with a rear epitaxial emitter. Cleanings based on sulfuric acid and peroxide mixtures (SPM), which are effective but also expensive, were used as reference. We found that simplified cleanings such as those based on sulfuric acid and ozone mixtures (SOM), and those based on water and ozone (IPV), are giving similar results at device level as the expensive SPM cleaning, leading to similar J0e, J0, FSF, and lifetime values. The implied VOC values of corresponding test devices fabricated using the simplified cleanings are at the same high level as the test devices using more expensive SPM cleanings. Actual nPERT devices with moderately doped epitaxially-grown emitters with a constant doping profile (box profile) showed average efficiencies above 22.0% for both SOM and IPV cleanings. Very high VOC values of up to 695 mV and implied VOC values of up to 730 mV were shown for cells with a flat rear surface. Finally, the best nPERT cells with rear epitaxial emitter and SOM cleaning showed efficiencies up to 22.5%, as externally confirmed by ISE CalLab.
AB - We have studied the effect of different cleanings at device level for nPERT (passivated Emitter, Rear Totally diffused) cells with a rear epitaxial emitter. Cleanings based on sulfuric acid and peroxide mixtures (SPM), which are effective but also expensive, were used as reference. We found that simplified cleanings such as those based on sulfuric acid and ozone mixtures (SOM), and those based on water and ozone (IPV), are giving similar results at device level as the expensive SPM cleaning, leading to similar J0e, J0, FSF, and lifetime values. The implied VOC values of corresponding test devices fabricated using the simplified cleanings are at the same high level as the test devices using more expensive SPM cleanings. Actual nPERT devices with moderately doped epitaxially-grown emitters with a constant doping profile (box profile) showed average efficiencies above 22.0% for both SOM and IPV cleanings. Very high VOC values of up to 695 mV and implied VOC values of up to 730 mV were shown for cells with a flat rear surface. Finally, the best nPERT cells with rear epitaxial emitter and SOM cleaning showed efficiencies up to 22.5%, as externally confirmed by ISE CalLab.
KW - Epitaxy
KW - Npert
KW - Ozone cleans
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84977535555
U2 - 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.06.036
DO - 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.06.036
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84977535555
SN - 0927-0248
VL - 158
SP - 19
EP - 23
JO - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
JF - Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
ER -
