TY - JOUR
T1 - Screening for estrogenic steroids in sheep and chicken by the application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a comparison with analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
AU - Sawaya, Wajih N.
AU - Lone, Khalid P.
AU - Husain, Adnan
AU - Dashti, Basma
AU - Al-Zenki, Sameer
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences for their financial support, and the Management of the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research for their continued support and encouragement.
PY - 1998/12
Y1 - 1998/12
N2 - A total of 146 sheep urine and 87 chicken muscle samples collected from birds sold in the State of Kuwait local market (originating from Brazil, Denmark, France and Turkey) were tested for residues of two xenobiotic estrogenic compounds, namely diethylstilbestrol (DES); and ethinylestradiol. The samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data obtained showed that the levels of DES and ethinylestradiol in the urine ranged from not-detected (ND) to 1.2 and ND to 0.90ppb, respectively. In the chicken muscle, the levels encountered were ND to 0.70 and ND to 0.30ppb, respectively, indicating that some samples may show some activity in terms of a residue, as recommended by international organizations. In view of the results obtained by ELISA, the employment of a cut-off value of 0.30ppb would make it reasonable to obtain low false-positive results, thus indicating that such a technique provides a fast and reliable method for the detection and screening of anabolic samples. All samples (both negative and positive) were subjected to GC-MS analysis for confirmatory purposes. The results obtained from the GC-MS analysis were found to be negative. These results show that the activity seen and reported above was due to the matrix of the samples, but not due to the active estrogenic compounds. Data on extraction recovery and coefficient of variation are also reported. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.
AB - A total of 146 sheep urine and 87 chicken muscle samples collected from birds sold in the State of Kuwait local market (originating from Brazil, Denmark, France and Turkey) were tested for residues of two xenobiotic estrogenic compounds, namely diethylstilbestrol (DES); and ethinylestradiol. The samples were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data obtained showed that the levels of DES and ethinylestradiol in the urine ranged from not-detected (ND) to 1.2 and ND to 0.90ppb, respectively. In the chicken muscle, the levels encountered were ND to 0.70 and ND to 0.30ppb, respectively, indicating that some samples may show some activity in terms of a residue, as recommended by international organizations. In view of the results obtained by ELISA, the employment of a cut-off value of 0.30ppb would make it reasonable to obtain low false-positive results, thus indicating that such a technique provides a fast and reliable method for the detection and screening of anabolic samples. All samples (both negative and positive) were subjected to GC-MS analysis for confirmatory purposes. The results obtained from the GC-MS analysis were found to be negative. These results show that the activity seen and reported above was due to the matrix of the samples, but not due to the active estrogenic compounds. Data on extraction recovery and coefficient of variation are also reported. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0032424397&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00056-9
DO - 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00056-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0032424397
SN - 0308-8146
VL - 63
SP - 563
EP - 569
JO - Food Chemistry
JF - Food Chemistry
IS - 4
ER -