Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in three commercially important fish from the northwestern Arabian Gulf: Occurrence, concentration, and profiles

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in three species of fish (yellowfin seabream [Acanthopagrus latus, a predatory fish]; Klunzinger's mullet [Liza klunzingeri, a pelagic fish]; and large-scaled tonguesole [Cynoglossus arel, a demersal fish]) collected from two sites in the northwestern part of the Arabian Gulf, a marginal sea of the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean. Concentrations of ΣPBDEs ranged from 11 to 57 ng g^-1 lipid weight (lw) for mullet, 5.0-38 ng g^-1 lw for tonguesole, and 2.8-48 ng g^-1 lw for seabream in Kuwait Bay, whereas in the open gulf, concentrations ranged from 6.0 to 160 lw for mullet, 8.3-190 lw for tonguesole, and 7.1-62 for lw for seabream. The congener composition in all species from both sites was dominated by BDEs 47, 99, and 100, which together constituted approximately 90% of the congeners detected. Although no statistically significant intersite differences were found, ΣPBDEs concentrations in mullet were significantly higher than those in seabream (p = 0.01). However, no significant differences existed between mullet and tonguesole (p = 0.28) or between tonguesole and seabream (p = 0.06). ΣPBDE concentrations were negatively correlated with fish mass for all species; however, the correlations were statistically insignificant, suggesting a growth dilution effect.