TY - JOUR
T1 - Feasibility of long-term irrigation as a treatment method for municipal wastewater using natural soil in Kuwait
AU - Akber, A.
AU - Mukhopadhyay, A.
AU - Al-Senafy, M.
AU - Al-Haddad, A.
AU - Al-Awadi, E.
AU - Al-Qallaf, H.
N1 - Funding Information:
Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS) has partially funded the study. The United Agricultural Production Company (UAPCO) extended its full cooperation during the field investigations. Late Dr. Y. Senay, the then Senior Hydrogeologist, Groundwater Project Department, MEW, provided guidance and support in carrying out the study. Dr. Mohamad Al-Bahou and Dr. Narayana Bhat from the Aridland Agriculture and Greenery Department (AAGD) of the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) took part in the soil investigation. Mr. Asim Al-Khalid, Mr. Khaled Al-Fahad, Mr. Bandar Al-Salman, Mr. Harish Bhandary, Ms. Fatma Al-Marzouk, Mr. Jasem Al-Kandari and Mr. Abdullah Bushehri provided valuable support in the field and the laboratory work. The institutional support from the KISR management in carrying out the study and its approval for publication of the article (publication no.: KISR8532) are gratefully acknowledged. The comments of the two anonymous reviewers helped greatly in improving the quality of the paper.
PY - 2008/3
Y1 - 2008/3
N2 - Passing treated wastewater through soil is a natural and economic means to improve the quality of wastewater. The United Agricultural Production Company (UAPCO) farm located in the Sulaibiya area of Kuwait has been irrigated with tertiary treated wastewater since 1976. A field investigation at the farm has been conducted by the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) to assess the applicability of the natural soil treatment method, in the long term, to improve the quality of the treated wastewater under the conditions prevailing in Kuwait. The collected data have been analyzed to assess the degree of improvement in quality of the infiltrated water with respect to the tertiary wastewater used for irrigation. The data analysis indicates that in spite of low clay content of the soil, improvement in the quality of the tertiary treated wastewater through soil aquifer treatment by the removal of ammonia (>90%), iron (>80%), organic carbon (>90%), biological oxygen demand (BOD) (100%) and bacteria (50-100%, depending on its type), can be expected over a long-term period. Soil leaching, however, tends to increase the total dissolved solids of the infiltrated water and the nitrification process increases the nitrate content.
AB - Passing treated wastewater through soil is a natural and economic means to improve the quality of wastewater. The United Agricultural Production Company (UAPCO) farm located in the Sulaibiya area of Kuwait has been irrigated with tertiary treated wastewater since 1976. A field investigation at the farm has been conducted by the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) to assess the applicability of the natural soil treatment method, in the long term, to improve the quality of the treated wastewater under the conditions prevailing in Kuwait. The collected data have been analyzed to assess the degree of improvement in quality of the infiltrated water with respect to the tertiary wastewater used for irrigation. The data analysis indicates that in spite of low clay content of the soil, improvement in the quality of the tertiary treated wastewater through soil aquifer treatment by the removal of ammonia (>90%), iron (>80%), organic carbon (>90%), biological oxygen demand (BOD) (100%) and bacteria (50-100%, depending on its type), can be expected over a long-term period. Soil leaching, however, tends to increase the total dissolved solids of the infiltrated water and the nitrification process increases the nitrate content.
KW - Arid environment
KW - Chemical soil composition
KW - Irrigation
KW - Long-term effect
KW - Reuse
KW - Soil aquifer treatment
KW - Tertiary treated wastewater
KW - Water quality
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/39149098483
U2 - 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.09.015
DO - 10.1016/j.agwat.2007.09.015
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:39149098483
SN - 0378-3774
VL - 95
SP - 233
EP - 242
JO - Agricultural Water Management
JF - Agricultural Water Management
IS - 3
ER -
