Esca Lab 250xi –

Features: • XPS, UPS, ISS and imaging techniques. • Depth profile, in situ reduction experiments (high pressure gas cell) and heating experiments up to 500°C. • Monochromated Al Kα - X ray source with a spot size ranging from 200 - 850 μm. • Twin anode (Al and Mg) non-monochromated X ray source. Applications: • Characterization of solid state materials. • XPS: Possible to detect all elements except hydrogen and helium. Provides composition, approximate chemical formula, electronic and chemical state, binding energy, etc. • UPS: Used to study the valence region of constituent elements, electronic states in the band gap, density of states near Fermi level etc. • ISS: Detect elements on the surface (less than 1 nm).